Which item should typically NOT be included in a job application resume?

Including specific reference information directly on a job application resume is generally not advisable because references can be a sensitive topic. Typically, it's common practice to provide references only when requested by the employer. Including personal contact information for references on your resume can also take up valuable space and may lead to potential privacy issues if those individuals are not aware that their information is being shared.

In most cases, it is better to have a separate document prepared for references that can be provided upon request. This approach maintains the focus on your qualifications and experience and enables you to tailor your references to fit the position you are applying for. Meanwhile, educational background, work experience, and relevant skills are critical components of a resume, showcasing your qualifications and fit for the job.